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Program Notes

Dover Quartet with Marc-André Hamelin

Program

Anton Webern Langsamer Satz 

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Quartet in D major, K. 575

I. Allegretto

II. Andante

III. Menuetto. Allegretto - Trio

IV. Allegretto

Marc-André Hamelin Piano Quintet 

I. Moto perpetuo (interrotto)

II. Passacaglia

III. Intermezzo

IV. Rondo

Dover Quartet

Marc-André Hamelin

PROGRAM NOTES

ANTON WEBERN

Born in Vienna, Austria, December 3, 1883; died in Mittersill, Austria, September 15, 1945

Langsamer Satz (1905)

In 1905, Austrian composer Anton Webern was head-over-heels in love with his cousin, Wilhelmine Mörtl (soon to be his wife).  That summer, they took a walking vacation in Lower Austria, just west of Vienna, an experience he described in effusive diary entries.  Likely as an expression of his love, Webern composed the lushly romantic Langsamer Satz (Slow Movement) in Vienna later that summer.  At the time, he was nearing the end of his first of four years of intensive private composition studies with Schoenberg.

Langsamer Satz was one of more than 100 finished and sketched student compositions and exercises Webern completed during his time with Schoenberg, most of which remained unpublished.  Of the 24 documented unpublished string quartet movements, only Langsamer Satz, a String Quartet from 1905, and a Rondo from 1906 were posthumously published.

Published in 1965, the single-movement Langsamer Satz follows a three-part A-B-A structure with a coda.  It inhabits the intense, nocturnal, and emotionally charged landscape of his teacher’s Verklärte Nacht (Transfigured Night), composed six years earlier.  Webern’s interweaving polyphonic lines reveal a close study of Brahms, while the work’s intoxicating, late Romantic harmonies mark a path he would soon abandon.  Of his chosen medium for this love song, Webern later wrote to his brother-in-law: “Quartet playing is the most glorious music-making there is.”

  

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

Born in Salzburg, Austria, January 27, 1756; died in Vienna, December 5, 1791

String Quartet in D, K. 575 (‘Prussian’) (1789)

As a patron of music, Frederick the Great – a music-mad monarch who even played the flute on the battlefield – was a hard act to follow.  But his nephew, Friedrich Wilhelm II (1744–97), rose to the challenge.  A keen cellist, he favored string quartets and quintets and amassed a library of nearly 2,500 instrumental parts.  One year after ascending the Prussian throne, he appointed Boccherini as his court composer.  Skilled performers joined his court orchestra, and Haydn dedicated his Op. 50 quartets to him.  Ignaz Pleyel followed with no fewer than 12 quartets.  Naturally, composers seeking royal favor highlighted the cello in their works.

In the spring of 1789, Mozart set his sights on a position at the Prussian court – or at least a commission from the King.  Legend (and many history books) claim that after a three-month journey through Leipzig, Dresden, Berlin, and Prague, Mozart returned to Vienna disappointed, carrying only a small sum and a commission for what he later described in a letter to the Viennese textile merchant Michael Puchberg as “six easy clavier sonatas for Princess Frederike and six quartets for the King.”

Recent research, however, questions whether Mozart was ever received at Friedrich Wilhelm’s court in Potsdam.  The commission for six quartets appears to have been a speculative venture by a composer in financial distress.  By dedicating them to the King, Mozart hoped to secure payment upon publication. Not surprisingly, given the monarch’s interests, the four movements of today’s quartet give a prominent role to the cello – more so than in the other two quartets Mozart completed.  He entered it in his catalog as “a quartet . . . for His Majesty, the King of Prussia.”

Throughout, Mozart continually rethinks instrumental balance, allowing voices to shift between solo and ensemble roles.  K. 575 reveals a deepening of his musical language, far beyond the melody-and-accompaniment style typical of many contemporaries.  Its serene, limpid quality and subtlety of expression place it among his finest quartets.  Its creation, however, was not effortless.  A year after visiting Potsdam, Mozart described to Puchberg the ‘troublesome task’ of writing what we now call the three ‘Prussian’ quartets.  Surviving false starts to all three finales attest to his struggle.  Yet the finale of the D major Quartet, with its intricate reworking of the first movement’s main idea, reflects Mozart’s relentless pursuit of innovation – an effort that belies the music’s fluent, effortless sound more than two centuries later.

— Mozart and Webern program notes copyright © 2025 Keith Horner.  Comments welcomed: khnotes@sympatico.ca

 

MARC-ANDRÉ HAMELIN

Born in Montreal, Quebec on September 5, 1961 

Piano Quintet (2017)

Piano Quintet started from a commission in 2002 for the Scotia Festival of Music in Halifax for a 10 minute piano quintet, which gave birth to the passacaglia (slow second movement).

Later, 1st and 3rd movement resulted from another commission; the 3-movement version was premiered at Segerstrom Center, in California. A couple years later, he added a finale (rondo). In it's 3 movement version, it has been performed by the Pacifica and Doric Quartets, with Marc. It has only been performed by Marc and the Dovers in its final, four-movement form. It is a tonal piece, harmonically accessible, a throwback to Romanticism, (first movement is post-Romantic); the passacaglia is a series of variations, it's the darkest movement of the piece (somber); the third is an intermezzo, mostly for the quartet, the piano is very incidental, its lighthearted and carefree; and the final movement rondo is up-tempo and headlong.